How To Check If You’re Running Wayland Or X11 Display Server In Linux

If you’re using a modern Linux desktop, chances are you’ve heard about Wayland and X11. These are two different display server protocols that handle how your graphical interface works.

• X11 (Xorg) – The long-standing standard for decades. Stable, widely supported, but showing its age.
• Wayland – A newer protocol aiming for better performance, security, and simplicity.

Why does it matter which one you’re running?
Some apps behave differently depending on the display server, and troubleshooting certain issues often requires knowing exactly what’s in use.

Here’s how you can quickly check.

1. Use the echo Command

Open a terminal and run:

echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPE

This will return either:

• x11 → You’re on Xorg (X11)
• wayland → You’re on Wayland

This method works on most modern Linux desktop environments, including GNOME and KDE.

2. Check with loginctl

loginctl shows session details:

loginctl show-session $(loginctl | grep $(whoami) | awk '{print $1}') -p Type

Example output:

Type=wayland

or:

Type=x11

This works even in situations where $XDG_SESSION_TYPE isn’t set.

3. GNOME or KDE About Page

If you’re on GNOME:

1. Open Settings → About.
2. Look for “Windowing System” or “Session Type.”

If you’re on KDE Plasma:

1. Go to System Settings → About This System.
2. The session type will be listed.

4. Check Environment Variables

Run:

echo $WAYLAND_DISPLAY

If you see something like wayland-0, you’re running Wayland.
If it’s empty, you’re likely on X11.

You can also check:

echo $DISPLAY

If it outputs something like :0, that usually indicates X11.

Which Should You Use?

• Stick to X11 if you rely on older apps, remote desktop tools, or need maximum compatibility.
• Try Wayland if you want smoother graphics, better touch support, and more modern security — especially on GNOME and KDE.

💡 Pro Tip: Some login screens (like GDM) let you choose the session type at login. On the login screen, click the gear icon and select GNOME on Wayland or GNOME on Xorg.

By knowing your display server, you’ll save time when troubleshooting, testing apps, or tweaking performance settings.

Mark Vincent

Tech enthusiast and content creator passionate about making technology simple for everyone. I share practical tips, guides, and reviews on the latest in computers, software, and gadgets. Let’s explore the digital world together!